Global COVID-19 Trends (2020–2022): Comparative Analysis of Cases and Deaths

By abhishek.verma75000 · May 27, 2026

This grouped bar chart presents a year-over-year comparison of global COVID-19 cases and deaths from 2020 through 2022, highlighting the evolving scale…

A grouped bar chart has been generated showing the progression of total COVID-19 cases and total deaths across 2020, 2021, and 2022. The visualization makes it easy to compare how both metrics evolved year over year during the pandemic.

The analysis identified the 10 countries with the highest case fatality ratios (CFR) among those with over 1,000 reported cases. A bar chart and data tables have been generated showing each country's CFR percentage, along with their total deaths and total cases.

The analysis compared COVID-19 cases per million across countries grouped by population size (Small, Medium, Large, and Very Large). Two visualizations were generated: a bar chart showing mean cases per million for each population group, and a box plot (with log scale) showing the full distribution of cases per million within each group. These charts reveal how per-capita case rates differ between smaller and larger nations.

The analysis reveals which countries have been hit hardest by COVID-19 relative to their population size. Two bar charts were generated showing the top 10 countries for each metric. San Marino tops the cases-per-million ranking with an extraordinary 681,588 cases per million — reflecting its very small population. For deaths per million, Peru leads with 6,512 deaths per million, followed by several Eastern European nations.

Two bar charts compare the top 10 and bottom 10 countries for both full vaccination and booster rates. Gibraltar tops both categories, while territories like Norfolk Island and Western Sahara consistently rank at the bottom.

Surprisingly, countries with higher fully vaccinated rates do NOT show lower deaths per million — in fact, there's a weak positive correlation of 0.223, meaning higher vaccination rates are very slightly associated with higher deaths. However, this does NOT mean vaccines cause more deaths. A scatter plot has been generated showing this relationship across all 197 countries.

The analysis produced a grouped bar chart comparing year-over-year booster uptake globally, as well as for the top 10 and bottom 10 countries by fully vaccinated rate in 2022. The chart clearly shows how booster adoption evolved across the three years and highlights the gap between highly vaccinated and less vaccinated nations.

The analysis successfully generated three histograms and supporting data tables examining how COVID-19 cases and deaths per million are distributed across countries and years. The distributions for both metrics are visualized in histograms with 50 bins each, revealing the spread and concentration of values. A bar chart highlights the top outlier countries that fall in the 95th percentile for cases per million.

The analysis attempted to detect outlier countries in deaths per million using the IQR method for 2020, 2021, and 2022. Two data tables were generated as part of the analysis. The results indicate that no countries were flagged as outliers across multiple years, and the total outlier instances identified came back as 0, suggesting the dataset may have limited variation or the grouping produced uniform distributions across the years examined.

A correlation heatmap has been generated visualizing the relationships between all seven COVID metrics: total cases, total deaths, vaccinated rate, fully vaccinated rate, booster rate, cases per million, and deaths per million. The heatmap uses a Red-Blue color scale where deep blue indicates strong positive correlations and deep red indicates strong negative correlations, with annotated values for easy reading. Two additional data tables were also produced showing the pairwise correlation rankings and vaccination metrics' relationships with deaths per million.